Happy Birthday to Us!!
Videos Women in STEM
Those Nerdy Girls
Six years ago, a group of nerdy scientists and clinicians started answering health and science questions for their friends and family — and somehow, it turned into this. The ultimate OG Nerdy Girl and Founder Malia Jones and our current Executive Director MK invite you to celebrate with us today! Six years ago, a group Read more…
Is it ok to get medical advice from an AI chatbot?
General Health Uncertainty and Misinformation
Clara Ke, BSN, RN
Any health decision or complex health question should always be discussed with a human clinician. However, AI chatbots can be helpful for answering some basic health questions, with some caveats. It seems like every industry nowadays wants a piece of the artificial intelligence (AI) pie. Healthcare has been no exception, with 2 out of 3 Read more…
Beyond Immunity: Can mRNA vaccines improve immunotherapy in cancer patients?
Treatments Vaccines
Jamie Fornsaglio, PhD
Researchers have found that mRNA COVID-19 vaccines prime certain cancers to a cancer treatment known as immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy! Within 100 days of starting immunotherapy, people with advanced cancer who received mRNA COVID-19 vaccines survived nearly twice as long as those who did not receive the shot (approximately 37 months versus 21 months). Read more…
March 8th is International Women’s Day!
Social and Racial Justice Women in STEM
Pamela Chung, MD
March 8th is International Women’s Day! Those Nerdy Girls are celebrating International Women’s Day – here are ways you can join in and #GiveToGain Since March 1911, International Women’s Day has been recognized as a global day of activism and celebration. It is a day for everyone committed to the advancement of gender equality to Read more…
What is the USPSTF and why does it matter?
General Health Health Policy Hot Health Topics
Sarah Whitley Coles, MD
The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) is an independent advisory panel of experts who make evidence-based recommendations about clinical preventive services. (This post was updated by Those Nerdy Girls from the original published on August 22, 2025.) In July 2025, the current Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) abruptly canceled a meeting Read more…
Can reaching back out heal what hurt me?
Mental Health
Kelly Valentin
That urge to reach back out after conflict, distance, or even estrangement is hard to ignore. For some of us, reconnection can be deeply healing, while for others, it can reopen old wounds. We have hovered over someone’s name in our phone, replayed old conversations in our heads, or imagined what it would be like Read more…
Has there been a recent increase in the number of people who identify as transgender?
Data and Metrics Reproductive Health
Those Nerdy Girls
The overall number of people who identify as transgender in the U.S. is estimated to have increased over the past ~10+ years, particularly among those aged 13-24 years. TL;DR: There has been an increase in the total number of people estimated to identify as transgender in the U.S. overall, especially among teens and young adults. Read more…
Taking Care of Each Other: Resources and Information for Immigrants, Allies, and Neighbors
Social and Racial Justice
Nerdy Nexus – where science and health meet society Taking Care of Each Other: Resources and Information for Immigrants, Allies, and Neighbors Public health is full of interesting puzzles: How do we keep everyone safe while respecting personal choices? Civil rights ensure we *all* get a fair shot at being healthy—access to good healthcare, safe Read more…
For children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), effective therapies and supportive medications exist.
Families/Kids General Health Treatments
Andrea Harmony, NP-C, PMHS
Continued research is needed, but in the meantime, avoiding unproven and harmful therapies is the best medicine. For children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), effective therapies for social/communication symptoms and medications to help co-occurring conditions (depression, anxiety, irritability) exist. Continued research is needed, but in the meantime, avoiding unproven and harmful therapies is the best Read more…
Black History Month: A century of Black women breaking barriers in STEM
Social and Racial Justice Women in STEM
This year’s Black History Month theme—”A Century of Black History Commemorations”—reminds us to honor a full century of contributions while charting the path forward. For Black women in STEM, this century tells a story of groundbreaking achievement against extraordinary odds. These women include the NASA mathematicians Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson, whose calculations Read more…
What Is Implementation Science?
General Health Health Policy
Guest Author Bertha A. Hidalgo, PhD, MPH, FACE
Implementation science is the study of how to make sure good, evidence-based ideas in medicine and public health actually reach people. In the hospital, very sick patients may need a central line to receive important medicines and fluids. In the past, these helpful tubes too often led to serious infections in the bloodstream. Doctors already Read more…
Black History Month: Celebrating Nerdy Girl Camille Seaberry, MPS
Women in STEM
Those Nerdy Girls
For Black History Month we are excited to celebrate the fabulous Black Nerds that are part of Those Nerdy Girls. Today we are highlighting Camille Seaberry, MPS Camille is a professional data nerd. As a senior research associate at DataHaven, a nonprofit based in New Haven, CT, she does data analysis, data science, and data Read more…
Black History Month: Celebrating Nerd Kelly Valentin
Women in STEM
Those Nerdy Girls
For Black History Month we are excited to celebrate the fabulous Black Nerds that are part of Those Nerdy Girls. Today we are highlighting Kelly Valentin Kelly has a passion for psychiatric epidemiology, and her research interests include psychopharmacology, behavioral health, social determinants of mental health outcomes, and psychopathology. Currently, she is pursuing a Master Read more…
Black History Month: Celebrating Nerdy Girl MacKenzie Isaac, MA
Women in STEM
Those Nerdy Girls
For Black History Month we are excited to celebrate the fabulous Black Nerds that are part of Those Nerdy Girls. Today we are highlighting MacKenzie (Kenzie) Isaac, MA, CHES® Kenzie is a social epidemiologist and health communications specialist who loves discussing all things health equity. Her specific research passions are the sociology of body image; Read more…
You see a WILD claim on social media, but how do you know it’s true?
Data Literacy Uncertainty and Misinformation
The Bradford-Hill Criteria give you a scientific checklist that can help you evaluate whether wild health claims are actually true. What is causality anyway? Causality means that one thing directly makes another thing happen. For example, flipping a light switch (A) causes the light to turn on (B), so A causes B. But ice cream Read more…
Are puberty blockers helpful or harmful to trans youth?
Families/Kids Mental Health Reproductive Health
Those Nerdy Girls
A: Current evidence suggests that puberty blockers, which hit the pause button on puberty and are reversible, significantly improve the mental health of trans youth while reducing the risk of needing future surgeries. (Note: This post was updated by Those Nerdy Girls from the original published on January 23, 2024.) A recent study showed that Read more…
Armed conflict of any kind has severe public health consequences for the entire global community.
Mental Health
Those Nerdy Girls
Armed conflict of any kind has severe public health consequences for the entire global community. In keeping with our tradition of offering practical advice to our readers and addressing mental health consequences of public health crises, we have put together a piece that we hope will help during these extraordinarily trying times. We are living Read more…
What are febrile seizures?
Families/Kids General Health
Rebecca Raskin-Wish
Febrile seizures most commonly happen in a child between six months and five years old. Though it looks scary, febrile seizures are common and generally not a cause for major concern. A febrile seizure can happen in a child between the ages six months to five years old when they have a fever. A true Read more…
What’s the deal with heavy metal poisoning?
General Health Videos
Those Nerdy Girls
Heavy metals, like lead, can build up in the body and cause poisoning or toxicity. For most people, this is unlikely to happen from everyday exposures. Your clinician can tell you if testing is a good idea. Heavy metal toxicity can be very dangerous, but it is the amount of heavy metals that you’re in Read more…
Q: Why are people sharing their pronouns?
Social and Racial Justice
Q: Why are people sharing their pronouns? A: Using correct names and gender pronouns can make a significant difference in someone’s life. Pronouns are the words we use to refer to ourselves or someone else when not using a name. Gender pronouns specifically refer to people and possessions (she/her/hers, they/them/theirs, ze/zir/zirs, etc.) The 2022 U.S. Read more…
Six years ago, a group of nerdy scientists and clinicians started answering health and science questions for their friends and family — and somehow, it turned into this. The ultimate OG Nerdy Girl and Founder Malia Jones and our current Executive Director MK invite you to celebrate with us today! Six years ago, a group Read more…
Is it ok to get medical advice from an AI chatbot?
General Health Uncertainty and MisinformationClara Ke, BSN, RN
Any health decision or complex health question should always be discussed with a human clinician. However, AI chatbots can be helpful for answering some basic health questions, with some caveats. It seems like every industry nowadays wants a piece of the artificial intelligence (AI) pie. Healthcare has been no exception, with 2 out of 3 Read more…
Beyond Immunity: Can mRNA vaccines improve immunotherapy in cancer patients?
Treatments Vaccines
Jamie Fornsaglio, PhD
Researchers have found that mRNA COVID-19 vaccines prime certain cancers to a cancer treatment known as immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy! Within 100 days of starting immunotherapy, people with advanced cancer who received mRNA COVID-19 vaccines survived nearly twice as long as those who did not receive the shot (approximately 37 months versus 21 months). Read more…
March 8th is International Women’s Day!
Social and Racial Justice Women in STEM
Pamela Chung, MD
March 8th is International Women’s Day! Those Nerdy Girls are celebrating International Women’s Day – here are ways you can join in and #GiveToGain Since March 1911, International Women’s Day has been recognized as a global day of activism and celebration. It is a day for everyone committed to the advancement of gender equality to Read more…
What is the USPSTF and why does it matter?
General Health Health Policy Hot Health Topics
Sarah Whitley Coles, MD
The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) is an independent advisory panel of experts who make evidence-based recommendations about clinical preventive services. (This post was updated by Those Nerdy Girls from the original published on August 22, 2025.) In July 2025, the current Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) abruptly canceled a meeting Read more…
Can reaching back out heal what hurt me?
Mental Health
Kelly Valentin
That urge to reach back out after conflict, distance, or even estrangement is hard to ignore. For some of us, reconnection can be deeply healing, while for others, it can reopen old wounds. We have hovered over someone’s name in our phone, replayed old conversations in our heads, or imagined what it would be like Read more…
Has there been a recent increase in the number of people who identify as transgender?
Data and Metrics Reproductive Health
Those Nerdy Girls
The overall number of people who identify as transgender in the U.S. is estimated to have increased over the past ~10+ years, particularly among those aged 13-24 years. TL;DR: There has been an increase in the total number of people estimated to identify as transgender in the U.S. overall, especially among teens and young adults. Read more…
Taking Care of Each Other: Resources and Information for Immigrants, Allies, and Neighbors
Social and Racial Justice
Nerdy Nexus – where science and health meet society Taking Care of Each Other: Resources and Information for Immigrants, Allies, and Neighbors Public health is full of interesting puzzles: How do we keep everyone safe while respecting personal choices? Civil rights ensure we *all* get a fair shot at being healthy—access to good healthcare, safe Read more…
For children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), effective therapies and supportive medications exist.
Families/Kids General Health Treatments
Andrea Harmony, NP-C, PMHS
Continued research is needed, but in the meantime, avoiding unproven and harmful therapies is the best medicine. For children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), effective therapies for social/communication symptoms and medications to help co-occurring conditions (depression, anxiety, irritability) exist. Continued research is needed, but in the meantime, avoiding unproven and harmful therapies is the best Read more…
Black History Month: A century of Black women breaking barriers in STEM
Social and Racial Justice Women in STEM
This year’s Black History Month theme—”A Century of Black History Commemorations”—reminds us to honor a full century of contributions while charting the path forward. For Black women in STEM, this century tells a story of groundbreaking achievement against extraordinary odds. These women include the NASA mathematicians Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson, whose calculations Read more…
What Is Implementation Science?
General Health Health Policy
Guest Author Bertha A. Hidalgo, PhD, MPH, FACE
Implementation science is the study of how to make sure good, evidence-based ideas in medicine and public health actually reach people. In the hospital, very sick patients may need a central line to receive important medicines and fluids. In the past, these helpful tubes too often led to serious infections in the bloodstream. Doctors already Read more…
Black History Month: Celebrating Nerdy Girl Camille Seaberry, MPS
Women in STEM
Those Nerdy Girls
For Black History Month we are excited to celebrate the fabulous Black Nerds that are part of Those Nerdy Girls. Today we are highlighting Camille Seaberry, MPS Camille is a professional data nerd. As a senior research associate at DataHaven, a nonprofit based in New Haven, CT, she does data analysis, data science, and data Read more…
Black History Month: Celebrating Nerd Kelly Valentin
Women in STEM
Those Nerdy Girls
For Black History Month we are excited to celebrate the fabulous Black Nerds that are part of Those Nerdy Girls. Today we are highlighting Kelly Valentin Kelly has a passion for psychiatric epidemiology, and her research interests include psychopharmacology, behavioral health, social determinants of mental health outcomes, and psychopathology. Currently, she is pursuing a Master Read more…
Black History Month: Celebrating Nerdy Girl MacKenzie Isaac, MA
Women in STEM
Those Nerdy Girls
For Black History Month we are excited to celebrate the fabulous Black Nerds that are part of Those Nerdy Girls. Today we are highlighting MacKenzie (Kenzie) Isaac, MA, CHES® Kenzie is a social epidemiologist and health communications specialist who loves discussing all things health equity. Her specific research passions are the sociology of body image; Read more…
You see a WILD claim on social media, but how do you know it’s true?
Data Literacy Uncertainty and Misinformation
The Bradford-Hill Criteria give you a scientific checklist that can help you evaluate whether wild health claims are actually true. What is causality anyway? Causality means that one thing directly makes another thing happen. For example, flipping a light switch (A) causes the light to turn on (B), so A causes B. But ice cream Read more…
Are puberty blockers helpful or harmful to trans youth?
Families/Kids Mental Health Reproductive Health
Those Nerdy Girls
A: Current evidence suggests that puberty blockers, which hit the pause button on puberty and are reversible, significantly improve the mental health of trans youth while reducing the risk of needing future surgeries. (Note: This post was updated by Those Nerdy Girls from the original published on January 23, 2024.) A recent study showed that Read more…
Armed conflict of any kind has severe public health consequences for the entire global community.
Mental Health
Those Nerdy Girls
Armed conflict of any kind has severe public health consequences for the entire global community. In keeping with our tradition of offering practical advice to our readers and addressing mental health consequences of public health crises, we have put together a piece that we hope will help during these extraordinarily trying times. We are living Read more…
What are febrile seizures?
Families/Kids General Health
Rebecca Raskin-Wish
Febrile seizures most commonly happen in a child between six months and five years old. Though it looks scary, febrile seizures are common and generally not a cause for major concern. A febrile seizure can happen in a child between the ages six months to five years old when they have a fever. A true Read more…
What’s the deal with heavy metal poisoning?
General Health Videos
Those Nerdy Girls
Heavy metals, like lead, can build up in the body and cause poisoning or toxicity. For most people, this is unlikely to happen from everyday exposures. Your clinician can tell you if testing is a good idea. Heavy metal toxicity can be very dangerous, but it is the amount of heavy metals that you’re in Read more…
Q: Why are people sharing their pronouns?
Social and Racial Justice
Q: Why are people sharing their pronouns? A: Using correct names and gender pronouns can make a significant difference in someone’s life. Pronouns are the words we use to refer to ourselves or someone else when not using a name. Gender pronouns specifically refer to people and possessions (she/her/hers, they/them/theirs, ze/zir/zirs, etc.) The 2022 U.S. Read more…
Any health decision or complex health question should always be discussed with a human clinician. However, AI chatbots can be helpful for answering some basic health questions, with some caveats. It seems like every industry nowadays wants a piece of the artificial intelligence (AI) pie. Healthcare has been no exception, with 2 out of 3 Read more…
Beyond Immunity: Can mRNA vaccines improve immunotherapy in cancer patients?
Treatments VaccinesJamie Fornsaglio, PhD
Researchers have found that mRNA COVID-19 vaccines prime certain cancers to a cancer treatment known as immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy! Within 100 days of starting immunotherapy, people with advanced cancer who received mRNA COVID-19 vaccines survived nearly twice as long as those who did not receive the shot (approximately 37 months versus 21 months). Read more…
March 8th is International Women’s Day!
Social and Racial Justice Women in STEM
Pamela Chung, MD
March 8th is International Women’s Day! Those Nerdy Girls are celebrating International Women’s Day – here are ways you can join in and #GiveToGain Since March 1911, International Women’s Day has been recognized as a global day of activism and celebration. It is a day for everyone committed to the advancement of gender equality to Read more…
What is the USPSTF and why does it matter?
General Health Health Policy Hot Health Topics
Sarah Whitley Coles, MD
The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) is an independent advisory panel of experts who make evidence-based recommendations about clinical preventive services. (This post was updated by Those Nerdy Girls from the original published on August 22, 2025.) In July 2025, the current Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) abruptly canceled a meeting Read more…
Can reaching back out heal what hurt me?
Mental Health
Kelly Valentin
That urge to reach back out after conflict, distance, or even estrangement is hard to ignore. For some of us, reconnection can be deeply healing, while for others, it can reopen old wounds. We have hovered over someone’s name in our phone, replayed old conversations in our heads, or imagined what it would be like Read more…
Has there been a recent increase in the number of people who identify as transgender?
Data and Metrics Reproductive Health
Those Nerdy Girls
The overall number of people who identify as transgender in the U.S. is estimated to have increased over the past ~10+ years, particularly among those aged 13-24 years. TL;DR: There has been an increase in the total number of people estimated to identify as transgender in the U.S. overall, especially among teens and young adults. Read more…
Taking Care of Each Other: Resources and Information for Immigrants, Allies, and Neighbors
Social and Racial Justice
Nerdy Nexus – where science and health meet society Taking Care of Each Other: Resources and Information for Immigrants, Allies, and Neighbors Public health is full of interesting puzzles: How do we keep everyone safe while respecting personal choices? Civil rights ensure we *all* get a fair shot at being healthy—access to good healthcare, safe Read more…
For children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), effective therapies and supportive medications exist.
Families/Kids General Health Treatments
Andrea Harmony, NP-C, PMHS
Continued research is needed, but in the meantime, avoiding unproven and harmful therapies is the best medicine. For children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), effective therapies for social/communication symptoms and medications to help co-occurring conditions (depression, anxiety, irritability) exist. Continued research is needed, but in the meantime, avoiding unproven and harmful therapies is the best Read more…
Black History Month: A century of Black women breaking barriers in STEM
Social and Racial Justice Women in STEM
This year’s Black History Month theme—”A Century of Black History Commemorations”—reminds us to honor a full century of contributions while charting the path forward. For Black women in STEM, this century tells a story of groundbreaking achievement against extraordinary odds. These women include the NASA mathematicians Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson, whose calculations Read more…
What Is Implementation Science?
General Health Health Policy
Guest Author Bertha A. Hidalgo, PhD, MPH, FACE
Implementation science is the study of how to make sure good, evidence-based ideas in medicine and public health actually reach people. In the hospital, very sick patients may need a central line to receive important medicines and fluids. In the past, these helpful tubes too often led to serious infections in the bloodstream. Doctors already Read more…
Black History Month: Celebrating Nerdy Girl Camille Seaberry, MPS
Women in STEM
Those Nerdy Girls
For Black History Month we are excited to celebrate the fabulous Black Nerds that are part of Those Nerdy Girls. Today we are highlighting Camille Seaberry, MPS Camille is a professional data nerd. As a senior research associate at DataHaven, a nonprofit based in New Haven, CT, she does data analysis, data science, and data Read more…
Black History Month: Celebrating Nerd Kelly Valentin
Women in STEM
Those Nerdy Girls
For Black History Month we are excited to celebrate the fabulous Black Nerds that are part of Those Nerdy Girls. Today we are highlighting Kelly Valentin Kelly has a passion for psychiatric epidemiology, and her research interests include psychopharmacology, behavioral health, social determinants of mental health outcomes, and psychopathology. Currently, she is pursuing a Master Read more…
Black History Month: Celebrating Nerdy Girl MacKenzie Isaac, MA
Women in STEM
Those Nerdy Girls
For Black History Month we are excited to celebrate the fabulous Black Nerds that are part of Those Nerdy Girls. Today we are highlighting MacKenzie (Kenzie) Isaac, MA, CHES® Kenzie is a social epidemiologist and health communications specialist who loves discussing all things health equity. Her specific research passions are the sociology of body image; Read more…
You see a WILD claim on social media, but how do you know it’s true?
Data Literacy Uncertainty and Misinformation
The Bradford-Hill Criteria give you a scientific checklist that can help you evaluate whether wild health claims are actually true. What is causality anyway? Causality means that one thing directly makes another thing happen. For example, flipping a light switch (A) causes the light to turn on (B), so A causes B. But ice cream Read more…
Are puberty blockers helpful or harmful to trans youth?
Families/Kids Mental Health Reproductive Health
Those Nerdy Girls
A: Current evidence suggests that puberty blockers, which hit the pause button on puberty and are reversible, significantly improve the mental health of trans youth while reducing the risk of needing future surgeries. (Note: This post was updated by Those Nerdy Girls from the original published on January 23, 2024.) A recent study showed that Read more…
Armed conflict of any kind has severe public health consequences for the entire global community.
Mental Health
Those Nerdy Girls
Armed conflict of any kind has severe public health consequences for the entire global community. In keeping with our tradition of offering practical advice to our readers and addressing mental health consequences of public health crises, we have put together a piece that we hope will help during these extraordinarily trying times. We are living Read more…
What are febrile seizures?
Families/Kids General Health
Rebecca Raskin-Wish
Febrile seizures most commonly happen in a child between six months and five years old. Though it looks scary, febrile seizures are common and generally not a cause for major concern. A febrile seizure can happen in a child between the ages six months to five years old when they have a fever. A true Read more…
What’s the deal with heavy metal poisoning?
General Health Videos
Those Nerdy Girls
Heavy metals, like lead, can build up in the body and cause poisoning or toxicity. For most people, this is unlikely to happen from everyday exposures. Your clinician can tell you if testing is a good idea. Heavy metal toxicity can be very dangerous, but it is the amount of heavy metals that you’re in Read more…
Q: Why are people sharing their pronouns?
Social and Racial Justice
Q: Why are people sharing their pronouns? A: Using correct names and gender pronouns can make a significant difference in someone’s life. Pronouns are the words we use to refer to ourselves or someone else when not using a name. Gender pronouns specifically refer to people and possessions (she/her/hers, they/them/theirs, ze/zir/zirs, etc.) The 2022 U.S. Read more…
Researchers have found that mRNA COVID-19 vaccines prime certain cancers to a cancer treatment known as immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy! Within 100 days of starting immunotherapy, people with advanced cancer who received mRNA COVID-19 vaccines survived nearly twice as long as those who did not receive the shot (approximately 37 months versus 21 months). Read more…
March 8th is International Women’s Day!
Social and Racial Justice Women in STEMPamela Chung, MD
March 8th is International Women’s Day! Those Nerdy Girls are celebrating International Women’s Day – here are ways you can join in and #GiveToGain Since March 1911, International Women’s Day has been recognized as a global day of activism and celebration. It is a day for everyone committed to the advancement of gender equality to Read more…
What is the USPSTF and why does it matter?
General Health Health Policy Hot Health Topics
Sarah Whitley Coles, MD
The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) is an independent advisory panel of experts who make evidence-based recommendations about clinical preventive services. (This post was updated by Those Nerdy Girls from the original published on August 22, 2025.) In July 2025, the current Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) abruptly canceled a meeting Read more…
Can reaching back out heal what hurt me?
Mental Health
Kelly Valentin
That urge to reach back out after conflict, distance, or even estrangement is hard to ignore. For some of us, reconnection can be deeply healing, while for others, it can reopen old wounds. We have hovered over someone’s name in our phone, replayed old conversations in our heads, or imagined what it would be like Read more…
Has there been a recent increase in the number of people who identify as transgender?
Data and Metrics Reproductive Health
Those Nerdy Girls
The overall number of people who identify as transgender in the U.S. is estimated to have increased over the past ~10+ years, particularly among those aged 13-24 years. TL;DR: There has been an increase in the total number of people estimated to identify as transgender in the U.S. overall, especially among teens and young adults. Read more…
Taking Care of Each Other: Resources and Information for Immigrants, Allies, and Neighbors
Social and Racial Justice
Nerdy Nexus – where science and health meet society Taking Care of Each Other: Resources and Information for Immigrants, Allies, and Neighbors Public health is full of interesting puzzles: How do we keep everyone safe while respecting personal choices? Civil rights ensure we *all* get a fair shot at being healthy—access to good healthcare, safe Read more…
For children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), effective therapies and supportive medications exist.
Families/Kids General Health Treatments
Andrea Harmony, NP-C, PMHS
Continued research is needed, but in the meantime, avoiding unproven and harmful therapies is the best medicine. For children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), effective therapies for social/communication symptoms and medications to help co-occurring conditions (depression, anxiety, irritability) exist. Continued research is needed, but in the meantime, avoiding unproven and harmful therapies is the best Read more…
Black History Month: A century of Black women breaking barriers in STEM
Social and Racial Justice Women in STEM
This year’s Black History Month theme—”A Century of Black History Commemorations”—reminds us to honor a full century of contributions while charting the path forward. For Black women in STEM, this century tells a story of groundbreaking achievement against extraordinary odds. These women include the NASA mathematicians Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson, whose calculations Read more…
What Is Implementation Science?
General Health Health Policy
Guest Author Bertha A. Hidalgo, PhD, MPH, FACE
Implementation science is the study of how to make sure good, evidence-based ideas in medicine and public health actually reach people. In the hospital, very sick patients may need a central line to receive important medicines and fluids. In the past, these helpful tubes too often led to serious infections in the bloodstream. Doctors already Read more…
Black History Month: Celebrating Nerdy Girl Camille Seaberry, MPS
Women in STEM
Those Nerdy Girls
For Black History Month we are excited to celebrate the fabulous Black Nerds that are part of Those Nerdy Girls. Today we are highlighting Camille Seaberry, MPS Camille is a professional data nerd. As a senior research associate at DataHaven, a nonprofit based in New Haven, CT, she does data analysis, data science, and data Read more…
Black History Month: Celebrating Nerd Kelly Valentin
Women in STEM
Those Nerdy Girls
For Black History Month we are excited to celebrate the fabulous Black Nerds that are part of Those Nerdy Girls. Today we are highlighting Kelly Valentin Kelly has a passion for psychiatric epidemiology, and her research interests include psychopharmacology, behavioral health, social determinants of mental health outcomes, and psychopathology. Currently, she is pursuing a Master Read more…
Black History Month: Celebrating Nerdy Girl MacKenzie Isaac, MA
Women in STEM
Those Nerdy Girls
For Black History Month we are excited to celebrate the fabulous Black Nerds that are part of Those Nerdy Girls. Today we are highlighting MacKenzie (Kenzie) Isaac, MA, CHES® Kenzie is a social epidemiologist and health communications specialist who loves discussing all things health equity. Her specific research passions are the sociology of body image; Read more…
You see a WILD claim on social media, but how do you know it’s true?
Data Literacy Uncertainty and Misinformation
The Bradford-Hill Criteria give you a scientific checklist that can help you evaluate whether wild health claims are actually true. What is causality anyway? Causality means that one thing directly makes another thing happen. For example, flipping a light switch (A) causes the light to turn on (B), so A causes B. But ice cream Read more…
Are puberty blockers helpful or harmful to trans youth?
Families/Kids Mental Health Reproductive Health
Those Nerdy Girls
A: Current evidence suggests that puberty blockers, which hit the pause button on puberty and are reversible, significantly improve the mental health of trans youth while reducing the risk of needing future surgeries. (Note: This post was updated by Those Nerdy Girls from the original published on January 23, 2024.) A recent study showed that Read more…
Armed conflict of any kind has severe public health consequences for the entire global community.
Mental Health
Those Nerdy Girls
Armed conflict of any kind has severe public health consequences for the entire global community. In keeping with our tradition of offering practical advice to our readers and addressing mental health consequences of public health crises, we have put together a piece that we hope will help during these extraordinarily trying times. We are living Read more…
What are febrile seizures?
Families/Kids General Health
Rebecca Raskin-Wish
Febrile seizures most commonly happen in a child between six months and five years old. Though it looks scary, febrile seizures are common and generally not a cause for major concern. A febrile seizure can happen in a child between the ages six months to five years old when they have a fever. A true Read more…
What’s the deal with heavy metal poisoning?
General Health Videos
Those Nerdy Girls
Heavy metals, like lead, can build up in the body and cause poisoning or toxicity. For most people, this is unlikely to happen from everyday exposures. Your clinician can tell you if testing is a good idea. Heavy metal toxicity can be very dangerous, but it is the amount of heavy metals that you’re in Read more…
Q: Why are people sharing their pronouns?
Social and Racial Justice
Q: Why are people sharing their pronouns? A: Using correct names and gender pronouns can make a significant difference in someone’s life. Pronouns are the words we use to refer to ourselves or someone else when not using a name. Gender pronouns specifically refer to people and possessions (she/her/hers, they/them/theirs, ze/zir/zirs, etc.) The 2022 U.S. Read more…
March 8th is International Women’s Day! Those Nerdy Girls are celebrating International Women’s Day – here are ways you can join in and #GiveToGain Since March 1911, International Women’s Day has been recognized as a global day of activism and celebration. It is a day for everyone committed to the advancement of gender equality to Read more…
What is the USPSTF and why does it matter?
General Health Health Policy Hot Health TopicsSarah Whitley Coles, MD
The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) is an independent advisory panel of experts who make evidence-based recommendations about clinical preventive services. (This post was updated by Those Nerdy Girls from the original published on August 22, 2025.) In July 2025, the current Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) abruptly canceled a meeting Read more…
Can reaching back out heal what hurt me?
Mental Health
Kelly Valentin
That urge to reach back out after conflict, distance, or even estrangement is hard to ignore. For some of us, reconnection can be deeply healing, while for others, it can reopen old wounds. We have hovered over someone’s name in our phone, replayed old conversations in our heads, or imagined what it would be like Read more…
Has there been a recent increase in the number of people who identify as transgender?
Data and Metrics Reproductive Health
Those Nerdy Girls
The overall number of people who identify as transgender in the U.S. is estimated to have increased over the past ~10+ years, particularly among those aged 13-24 years. TL;DR: There has been an increase in the total number of people estimated to identify as transgender in the U.S. overall, especially among teens and young adults. Read more…
Taking Care of Each Other: Resources and Information for Immigrants, Allies, and Neighbors
Social and Racial Justice
Nerdy Nexus – where science and health meet society Taking Care of Each Other: Resources and Information for Immigrants, Allies, and Neighbors Public health is full of interesting puzzles: How do we keep everyone safe while respecting personal choices? Civil rights ensure we *all* get a fair shot at being healthy—access to good healthcare, safe Read more…
For children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), effective therapies and supportive medications exist.
Families/Kids General Health Treatments
Andrea Harmony, NP-C, PMHS
Continued research is needed, but in the meantime, avoiding unproven and harmful therapies is the best medicine. For children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), effective therapies for social/communication symptoms and medications to help co-occurring conditions (depression, anxiety, irritability) exist. Continued research is needed, but in the meantime, avoiding unproven and harmful therapies is the best Read more…
Black History Month: A century of Black women breaking barriers in STEM
Social and Racial Justice Women in STEM
This year’s Black History Month theme—”A Century of Black History Commemorations”—reminds us to honor a full century of contributions while charting the path forward. For Black women in STEM, this century tells a story of groundbreaking achievement against extraordinary odds. These women include the NASA mathematicians Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson, whose calculations Read more…
What Is Implementation Science?
General Health Health Policy
Guest Author Bertha A. Hidalgo, PhD, MPH, FACE
Implementation science is the study of how to make sure good, evidence-based ideas in medicine and public health actually reach people. In the hospital, very sick patients may need a central line to receive important medicines and fluids. In the past, these helpful tubes too often led to serious infections in the bloodstream. Doctors already Read more…
Black History Month: Celebrating Nerdy Girl Camille Seaberry, MPS
Women in STEM
Those Nerdy Girls
For Black History Month we are excited to celebrate the fabulous Black Nerds that are part of Those Nerdy Girls. Today we are highlighting Camille Seaberry, MPS Camille is a professional data nerd. As a senior research associate at DataHaven, a nonprofit based in New Haven, CT, she does data analysis, data science, and data Read more…
Black History Month: Celebrating Nerd Kelly Valentin
Women in STEM
Those Nerdy Girls
For Black History Month we are excited to celebrate the fabulous Black Nerds that are part of Those Nerdy Girls. Today we are highlighting Kelly Valentin Kelly has a passion for psychiatric epidemiology, and her research interests include psychopharmacology, behavioral health, social determinants of mental health outcomes, and psychopathology. Currently, she is pursuing a Master Read more…
Black History Month: Celebrating Nerdy Girl MacKenzie Isaac, MA
Women in STEM
Those Nerdy Girls
For Black History Month we are excited to celebrate the fabulous Black Nerds that are part of Those Nerdy Girls. Today we are highlighting MacKenzie (Kenzie) Isaac, MA, CHES® Kenzie is a social epidemiologist and health communications specialist who loves discussing all things health equity. Her specific research passions are the sociology of body image; Read more…
You see a WILD claim on social media, but how do you know it’s true?
Data Literacy Uncertainty and Misinformation
The Bradford-Hill Criteria give you a scientific checklist that can help you evaluate whether wild health claims are actually true. What is causality anyway? Causality means that one thing directly makes another thing happen. For example, flipping a light switch (A) causes the light to turn on (B), so A causes B. But ice cream Read more…
Are puberty blockers helpful or harmful to trans youth?
Families/Kids Mental Health Reproductive Health
Those Nerdy Girls
A: Current evidence suggests that puberty blockers, which hit the pause button on puberty and are reversible, significantly improve the mental health of trans youth while reducing the risk of needing future surgeries. (Note: This post was updated by Those Nerdy Girls from the original published on January 23, 2024.) A recent study showed that Read more…
Armed conflict of any kind has severe public health consequences for the entire global community.
Mental Health
Those Nerdy Girls
Armed conflict of any kind has severe public health consequences for the entire global community. In keeping with our tradition of offering practical advice to our readers and addressing mental health consequences of public health crises, we have put together a piece that we hope will help during these extraordinarily trying times. We are living Read more…
What are febrile seizures?
Families/Kids General Health
Rebecca Raskin-Wish
Febrile seizures most commonly happen in a child between six months and five years old. Though it looks scary, febrile seizures are common and generally not a cause for major concern. A febrile seizure can happen in a child between the ages six months to five years old when they have a fever. A true Read more…
What’s the deal with heavy metal poisoning?
General Health Videos
Those Nerdy Girls
Heavy metals, like lead, can build up in the body and cause poisoning or toxicity. For most people, this is unlikely to happen from everyday exposures. Your clinician can tell you if testing is a good idea. Heavy metal toxicity can be very dangerous, but it is the amount of heavy metals that you’re in Read more…
Q: Why are people sharing their pronouns?
Social and Racial Justice
Q: Why are people sharing their pronouns? A: Using correct names and gender pronouns can make a significant difference in someone’s life. Pronouns are the words we use to refer to ourselves or someone else when not using a name. Gender pronouns specifically refer to people and possessions (she/her/hers, they/them/theirs, ze/zir/zirs, etc.) The 2022 U.S. Read more…
The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) is an independent advisory panel of experts who make evidence-based recommendations about clinical preventive services. (This post was updated by Those Nerdy Girls from the original published on August 22, 2025.) In July 2025, the current Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) abruptly canceled a meeting Read more…
Can reaching back out heal what hurt me?
Mental HealthKelly Valentin
That urge to reach back out after conflict, distance, or even estrangement is hard to ignore. For some of us, reconnection can be deeply healing, while for others, it can reopen old wounds. We have hovered over someone’s name in our phone, replayed old conversations in our heads, or imagined what it would be like Read more…
Has there been a recent increase in the number of people who identify as transgender?
Data and Metrics Reproductive Health
Those Nerdy Girls
The overall number of people who identify as transgender in the U.S. is estimated to have increased over the past ~10+ years, particularly among those aged 13-24 years. TL;DR: There has been an increase in the total number of people estimated to identify as transgender in the U.S. overall, especially among teens and young adults. Read more…
Taking Care of Each Other: Resources and Information for Immigrants, Allies, and Neighbors
Social and Racial Justice
Nerdy Nexus – where science and health meet society Taking Care of Each Other: Resources and Information for Immigrants, Allies, and Neighbors Public health is full of interesting puzzles: How do we keep everyone safe while respecting personal choices? Civil rights ensure we *all* get a fair shot at being healthy—access to good healthcare, safe Read more…
For children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), effective therapies and supportive medications exist.
Families/Kids General Health Treatments
Andrea Harmony, NP-C, PMHS
Continued research is needed, but in the meantime, avoiding unproven and harmful therapies is the best medicine. For children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), effective therapies for social/communication symptoms and medications to help co-occurring conditions (depression, anxiety, irritability) exist. Continued research is needed, but in the meantime, avoiding unproven and harmful therapies is the best Read more…
Black History Month: A century of Black women breaking barriers in STEM
Social and Racial Justice Women in STEM
This year’s Black History Month theme—”A Century of Black History Commemorations”—reminds us to honor a full century of contributions while charting the path forward. For Black women in STEM, this century tells a story of groundbreaking achievement against extraordinary odds. These women include the NASA mathematicians Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson, whose calculations Read more…
What Is Implementation Science?
General Health Health Policy
Guest Author Bertha A. Hidalgo, PhD, MPH, FACE
Implementation science is the study of how to make sure good, evidence-based ideas in medicine and public health actually reach people. In the hospital, very sick patients may need a central line to receive important medicines and fluids. In the past, these helpful tubes too often led to serious infections in the bloodstream. Doctors already Read more…
Black History Month: Celebrating Nerdy Girl Camille Seaberry, MPS
Women in STEM
Those Nerdy Girls
For Black History Month we are excited to celebrate the fabulous Black Nerds that are part of Those Nerdy Girls. Today we are highlighting Camille Seaberry, MPS Camille is a professional data nerd. As a senior research associate at DataHaven, a nonprofit based in New Haven, CT, she does data analysis, data science, and data Read more…
Black History Month: Celebrating Nerd Kelly Valentin
Women in STEM
Those Nerdy Girls
For Black History Month we are excited to celebrate the fabulous Black Nerds that are part of Those Nerdy Girls. Today we are highlighting Kelly Valentin Kelly has a passion for psychiatric epidemiology, and her research interests include psychopharmacology, behavioral health, social determinants of mental health outcomes, and psychopathology. Currently, she is pursuing a Master Read more…
Black History Month: Celebrating Nerdy Girl MacKenzie Isaac, MA
Women in STEM
Those Nerdy Girls
For Black History Month we are excited to celebrate the fabulous Black Nerds that are part of Those Nerdy Girls. Today we are highlighting MacKenzie (Kenzie) Isaac, MA, CHES® Kenzie is a social epidemiologist and health communications specialist who loves discussing all things health equity. Her specific research passions are the sociology of body image; Read more…
You see a WILD claim on social media, but how do you know it’s true?
Data Literacy Uncertainty and Misinformation
The Bradford-Hill Criteria give you a scientific checklist that can help you evaluate whether wild health claims are actually true. What is causality anyway? Causality means that one thing directly makes another thing happen. For example, flipping a light switch (A) causes the light to turn on (B), so A causes B. But ice cream Read more…
Are puberty blockers helpful or harmful to trans youth?
Families/Kids Mental Health Reproductive Health
Those Nerdy Girls
A: Current evidence suggests that puberty blockers, which hit the pause button on puberty and are reversible, significantly improve the mental health of trans youth while reducing the risk of needing future surgeries. (Note: This post was updated by Those Nerdy Girls from the original published on January 23, 2024.) A recent study showed that Read more…
Armed conflict of any kind has severe public health consequences for the entire global community.
Mental Health
Those Nerdy Girls
Armed conflict of any kind has severe public health consequences for the entire global community. In keeping with our tradition of offering practical advice to our readers and addressing mental health consequences of public health crises, we have put together a piece that we hope will help during these extraordinarily trying times. We are living Read more…
What are febrile seizures?
Families/Kids General Health
Rebecca Raskin-Wish
Febrile seizures most commonly happen in a child between six months and five years old. Though it looks scary, febrile seizures are common and generally not a cause for major concern. A febrile seizure can happen in a child between the ages six months to five years old when they have a fever. A true Read more…
What’s the deal with heavy metal poisoning?
General Health Videos
Those Nerdy Girls
Heavy metals, like lead, can build up in the body and cause poisoning or toxicity. For most people, this is unlikely to happen from everyday exposures. Your clinician can tell you if testing is a good idea. Heavy metal toxicity can be very dangerous, but it is the amount of heavy metals that you’re in Read more…
Q: Why are people sharing their pronouns?
Social and Racial Justice
Q: Why are people sharing their pronouns? A: Using correct names and gender pronouns can make a significant difference in someone’s life. Pronouns are the words we use to refer to ourselves or someone else when not using a name. Gender pronouns specifically refer to people and possessions (she/her/hers, they/them/theirs, ze/zir/zirs, etc.) The 2022 U.S. Read more…
That urge to reach back out after conflict, distance, or even estrangement is hard to ignore. For some of us, reconnection can be deeply healing, while for others, it can reopen old wounds. We have hovered over someone’s name in our phone, replayed old conversations in our heads, or imagined what it would be like Read more…
Has there been a recent increase in the number of people who identify as transgender?
Data and Metrics Reproductive HealthThose Nerdy Girls
The overall number of people who identify as transgender in the U.S. is estimated to have increased over the past ~10+ years, particularly among those aged 13-24 years. TL;DR: There has been an increase in the total number of people estimated to identify as transgender in the U.S. overall, especially among teens and young adults. Read more…
Taking Care of Each Other: Resources and Information for Immigrants, Allies, and Neighbors
Social and Racial Justice
Nerdy Nexus – where science and health meet society Taking Care of Each Other: Resources and Information for Immigrants, Allies, and Neighbors Public health is full of interesting puzzles: How do we keep everyone safe while respecting personal choices? Civil rights ensure we *all* get a fair shot at being healthy—access to good healthcare, safe Read more…
For children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), effective therapies and supportive medications exist.
Families/Kids General Health Treatments
Andrea Harmony, NP-C, PMHS
Continued research is needed, but in the meantime, avoiding unproven and harmful therapies is the best medicine. For children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), effective therapies for social/communication symptoms and medications to help co-occurring conditions (depression, anxiety, irritability) exist. Continued research is needed, but in the meantime, avoiding unproven and harmful therapies is the best Read more…
Black History Month: A century of Black women breaking barriers in STEM
Social and Racial Justice Women in STEM
This year’s Black History Month theme—”A Century of Black History Commemorations”—reminds us to honor a full century of contributions while charting the path forward. For Black women in STEM, this century tells a story of groundbreaking achievement against extraordinary odds. These women include the NASA mathematicians Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson, whose calculations Read more…
What Is Implementation Science?
General Health Health Policy
Guest Author Bertha A. Hidalgo, PhD, MPH, FACE
Implementation science is the study of how to make sure good, evidence-based ideas in medicine and public health actually reach people. In the hospital, very sick patients may need a central line to receive important medicines and fluids. In the past, these helpful tubes too often led to serious infections in the bloodstream. Doctors already Read more…
Black History Month: Celebrating Nerdy Girl Camille Seaberry, MPS
Women in STEM
Those Nerdy Girls
For Black History Month we are excited to celebrate the fabulous Black Nerds that are part of Those Nerdy Girls. Today we are highlighting Camille Seaberry, MPS Camille is a professional data nerd. As a senior research associate at DataHaven, a nonprofit based in New Haven, CT, she does data analysis, data science, and data Read more…
Black History Month: Celebrating Nerd Kelly Valentin
Women in STEM
Those Nerdy Girls
For Black History Month we are excited to celebrate the fabulous Black Nerds that are part of Those Nerdy Girls. Today we are highlighting Kelly Valentin Kelly has a passion for psychiatric epidemiology, and her research interests include psychopharmacology, behavioral health, social determinants of mental health outcomes, and psychopathology. Currently, she is pursuing a Master Read more…
Black History Month: Celebrating Nerdy Girl MacKenzie Isaac, MA
Women in STEM
Those Nerdy Girls
For Black History Month we are excited to celebrate the fabulous Black Nerds that are part of Those Nerdy Girls. Today we are highlighting MacKenzie (Kenzie) Isaac, MA, CHES® Kenzie is a social epidemiologist and health communications specialist who loves discussing all things health equity. Her specific research passions are the sociology of body image; Read more…
You see a WILD claim on social media, but how do you know it’s true?
Data Literacy Uncertainty and Misinformation
The Bradford-Hill Criteria give you a scientific checklist that can help you evaluate whether wild health claims are actually true. What is causality anyway? Causality means that one thing directly makes another thing happen. For example, flipping a light switch (A) causes the light to turn on (B), so A causes B. But ice cream Read more…
Are puberty blockers helpful or harmful to trans youth?
Families/Kids Mental Health Reproductive Health
Those Nerdy Girls
A: Current evidence suggests that puberty blockers, which hit the pause button on puberty and are reversible, significantly improve the mental health of trans youth while reducing the risk of needing future surgeries. (Note: This post was updated by Those Nerdy Girls from the original published on January 23, 2024.) A recent study showed that Read more…
Armed conflict of any kind has severe public health consequences for the entire global community.
Mental Health
Those Nerdy Girls
Armed conflict of any kind has severe public health consequences for the entire global community. In keeping with our tradition of offering practical advice to our readers and addressing mental health consequences of public health crises, we have put together a piece that we hope will help during these extraordinarily trying times. We are living Read more…
What are febrile seizures?
Families/Kids General Health
Rebecca Raskin-Wish
Febrile seizures most commonly happen in a child between six months and five years old. Though it looks scary, febrile seizures are common and generally not a cause for major concern. A febrile seizure can happen in a child between the ages six months to five years old when they have a fever. A true Read more…
What’s the deal with heavy metal poisoning?
General Health Videos
Those Nerdy Girls
Heavy metals, like lead, can build up in the body and cause poisoning or toxicity. For most people, this is unlikely to happen from everyday exposures. Your clinician can tell you if testing is a good idea. Heavy metal toxicity can be very dangerous, but it is the amount of heavy metals that you’re in Read more…
Q: Why are people sharing their pronouns?
Social and Racial Justice
Q: Why are people sharing their pronouns? A: Using correct names and gender pronouns can make a significant difference in someone’s life. Pronouns are the words we use to refer to ourselves or someone else when not using a name. Gender pronouns specifically refer to people and possessions (she/her/hers, they/them/theirs, ze/zir/zirs, etc.) The 2022 U.S. Read more…
The overall number of people who identify as transgender in the U.S. is estimated to have increased over the past ~10+ years, particularly among those aged 13-24 years. TL;DR: There has been an increase in the total number of people estimated to identify as transgender in the U.S. overall, especially among teens and young adults. Read more…
Taking Care of Each Other: Resources and Information for Immigrants, Allies, and Neighbors
Social and Racial Justice
Nerdy Nexus – where science and health meet society Taking Care of Each Other: Resources and Information for Immigrants, Allies, and Neighbors Public health is full of interesting puzzles: How do we keep everyone safe while respecting personal choices? Civil rights ensure we *all* get a fair shot at being healthy—access to good healthcare, safe Read more…
For children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), effective therapies and supportive medications exist.
Families/Kids General Health TreatmentsAndrea Harmony, NP-C, PMHS
Continued research is needed, but in the meantime, avoiding unproven and harmful therapies is the best medicine. For children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), effective therapies for social/communication symptoms and medications to help co-occurring conditions (depression, anxiety, irritability) exist. Continued research is needed, but in the meantime, avoiding unproven and harmful therapies is the best Read more…
Black History Month: A century of Black women breaking barriers in STEM
Social and Racial Justice Women in STEM
This year’s Black History Month theme—”A Century of Black History Commemorations”—reminds us to honor a full century of contributions while charting the path forward. For Black women in STEM, this century tells a story of groundbreaking achievement against extraordinary odds. These women include the NASA mathematicians Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson, whose calculations Read more…
What Is Implementation Science?
General Health Health Policy
Guest Author Bertha A. Hidalgo, PhD, MPH, FACE
Implementation science is the study of how to make sure good, evidence-based ideas in medicine and public health actually reach people. In the hospital, very sick patients may need a central line to receive important medicines and fluids. In the past, these helpful tubes too often led to serious infections in the bloodstream. Doctors already Read more…
Black History Month: Celebrating Nerdy Girl Camille Seaberry, MPS
Women in STEM
Those Nerdy Girls
For Black History Month we are excited to celebrate the fabulous Black Nerds that are part of Those Nerdy Girls. Today we are highlighting Camille Seaberry, MPS Camille is a professional data nerd. As a senior research associate at DataHaven, a nonprofit based in New Haven, CT, she does data analysis, data science, and data Read more…
Black History Month: Celebrating Nerd Kelly Valentin
Women in STEM
Those Nerdy Girls
For Black History Month we are excited to celebrate the fabulous Black Nerds that are part of Those Nerdy Girls. Today we are highlighting Kelly Valentin Kelly has a passion for psychiatric epidemiology, and her research interests include psychopharmacology, behavioral health, social determinants of mental health outcomes, and psychopathology. Currently, she is pursuing a Master Read more…
Black History Month: Celebrating Nerdy Girl MacKenzie Isaac, MA
Women in STEM
Those Nerdy Girls
For Black History Month we are excited to celebrate the fabulous Black Nerds that are part of Those Nerdy Girls. Today we are highlighting MacKenzie (Kenzie) Isaac, MA, CHES® Kenzie is a social epidemiologist and health communications specialist who loves discussing all things health equity. Her specific research passions are the sociology of body image; Read more…
You see a WILD claim on social media, but how do you know it’s true?
Data Literacy Uncertainty and Misinformation
The Bradford-Hill Criteria give you a scientific checklist that can help you evaluate whether wild health claims are actually true. What is causality anyway? Causality means that one thing directly makes another thing happen. For example, flipping a light switch (A) causes the light to turn on (B), so A causes B. But ice cream Read more…
Are puberty blockers helpful or harmful to trans youth?
Families/Kids Mental Health Reproductive Health
Those Nerdy Girls
A: Current evidence suggests that puberty blockers, which hit the pause button on puberty and are reversible, significantly improve the mental health of trans youth while reducing the risk of needing future surgeries. (Note: This post was updated by Those Nerdy Girls from the original published on January 23, 2024.) A recent study showed that Read more…
Armed conflict of any kind has severe public health consequences for the entire global community.
Mental Health
Those Nerdy Girls
Armed conflict of any kind has severe public health consequences for the entire global community. In keeping with our tradition of offering practical advice to our readers and addressing mental health consequences of public health crises, we have put together a piece that we hope will help during these extraordinarily trying times. We are living Read more…
What are febrile seizures?
Families/Kids General Health
Rebecca Raskin-Wish
Febrile seizures most commonly happen in a child between six months and five years old. Though it looks scary, febrile seizures are common and generally not a cause for major concern. A febrile seizure can happen in a child between the ages six months to five years old when they have a fever. A true Read more…
What’s the deal with heavy metal poisoning?
General Health Videos
Those Nerdy Girls
Heavy metals, like lead, can build up in the body and cause poisoning or toxicity. For most people, this is unlikely to happen from everyday exposures. Your clinician can tell you if testing is a good idea. Heavy metal toxicity can be very dangerous, but it is the amount of heavy metals that you’re in Read more…
Q: Why are people sharing their pronouns?
Social and Racial Justice
Q: Why are people sharing their pronouns? A: Using correct names and gender pronouns can make a significant difference in someone’s life. Pronouns are the words we use to refer to ourselves or someone else when not using a name. Gender pronouns specifically refer to people and possessions (she/her/hers, they/them/theirs, ze/zir/zirs, etc.) The 2022 U.S. Read more…
Continued research is needed, but in the meantime, avoiding unproven and harmful therapies is the best medicine. For children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), effective therapies for social/communication symptoms and medications to help co-occurring conditions (depression, anxiety, irritability) exist. Continued research is needed, but in the meantime, avoiding unproven and harmful therapies is the best Read more…
Black History Month: A century of Black women breaking barriers in STEM
Social and Racial Justice Women in STEM
This year’s Black History Month theme—”A Century of Black History Commemorations”—reminds us to honor a full century of contributions while charting the path forward. For Black women in STEM, this century tells a story of groundbreaking achievement against extraordinary odds. These women include the NASA mathematicians Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson, whose calculations Read more…
What Is Implementation Science?
General Health Health PolicyGuest Author Bertha A. Hidalgo, PhD, MPH, FACE
Implementation science is the study of how to make sure good, evidence-based ideas in medicine and public health actually reach people. In the hospital, very sick patients may need a central line to receive important medicines and fluids. In the past, these helpful tubes too often led to serious infections in the bloodstream. Doctors already Read more…
Black History Month: Celebrating Nerdy Girl Camille Seaberry, MPS
Women in STEM
Those Nerdy Girls
For Black History Month we are excited to celebrate the fabulous Black Nerds that are part of Those Nerdy Girls. Today we are highlighting Camille Seaberry, MPS Camille is a professional data nerd. As a senior research associate at DataHaven, a nonprofit based in New Haven, CT, she does data analysis, data science, and data Read more…
Black History Month: Celebrating Nerd Kelly Valentin
Women in STEM
Those Nerdy Girls
For Black History Month we are excited to celebrate the fabulous Black Nerds that are part of Those Nerdy Girls. Today we are highlighting Kelly Valentin Kelly has a passion for psychiatric epidemiology, and her research interests include psychopharmacology, behavioral health, social determinants of mental health outcomes, and psychopathology. Currently, she is pursuing a Master Read more…
Black History Month: Celebrating Nerdy Girl MacKenzie Isaac, MA
Women in STEM
Those Nerdy Girls
For Black History Month we are excited to celebrate the fabulous Black Nerds that are part of Those Nerdy Girls. Today we are highlighting MacKenzie (Kenzie) Isaac, MA, CHES® Kenzie is a social epidemiologist and health communications specialist who loves discussing all things health equity. Her specific research passions are the sociology of body image; Read more…
You see a WILD claim on social media, but how do you know it’s true?
Data Literacy Uncertainty and Misinformation
The Bradford-Hill Criteria give you a scientific checklist that can help you evaluate whether wild health claims are actually true. What is causality anyway? Causality means that one thing directly makes another thing happen. For example, flipping a light switch (A) causes the light to turn on (B), so A causes B. But ice cream Read more…
Are puberty blockers helpful or harmful to trans youth?
Families/Kids Mental Health Reproductive Health
Those Nerdy Girls
A: Current evidence suggests that puberty blockers, which hit the pause button on puberty and are reversible, significantly improve the mental health of trans youth while reducing the risk of needing future surgeries. (Note: This post was updated by Those Nerdy Girls from the original published on January 23, 2024.) A recent study showed that Read more…
Armed conflict of any kind has severe public health consequences for the entire global community.
Mental Health
Those Nerdy Girls
Armed conflict of any kind has severe public health consequences for the entire global community. In keeping with our tradition of offering practical advice to our readers and addressing mental health consequences of public health crises, we have put together a piece that we hope will help during these extraordinarily trying times. We are living Read more…
What are febrile seizures?
Families/Kids General Health
Rebecca Raskin-Wish
Febrile seizures most commonly happen in a child between six months and five years old. Though it looks scary, febrile seizures are common and generally not a cause for major concern. A febrile seizure can happen in a child between the ages six months to five years old when they have a fever. A true Read more…
What’s the deal with heavy metal poisoning?
General Health Videos
Those Nerdy Girls
Heavy metals, like lead, can build up in the body and cause poisoning or toxicity. For most people, this is unlikely to happen from everyday exposures. Your clinician can tell you if testing is a good idea. Heavy metal toxicity can be very dangerous, but it is the amount of heavy metals that you’re in Read more…
Q: Why are people sharing their pronouns?
Social and Racial Justice
Q: Why are people sharing their pronouns? A: Using correct names and gender pronouns can make a significant difference in someone’s life. Pronouns are the words we use to refer to ourselves or someone else when not using a name. Gender pronouns specifically refer to people and possessions (she/her/hers, they/them/theirs, ze/zir/zirs, etc.) The 2022 U.S. Read more…
Implementation science is the study of how to make sure good, evidence-based ideas in medicine and public health actually reach people. In the hospital, very sick patients may need a central line to receive important medicines and fluids. In the past, these helpful tubes too often led to serious infections in the bloodstream. Doctors already Read more…
Black History Month: Celebrating Nerdy Girl Camille Seaberry, MPS
Women in STEMThose Nerdy Girls
For Black History Month we are excited to celebrate the fabulous Black Nerds that are part of Those Nerdy Girls. Today we are highlighting Camille Seaberry, MPS Camille is a professional data nerd. As a senior research associate at DataHaven, a nonprofit based in New Haven, CT, she does data analysis, data science, and data Read more…
Black History Month: Celebrating Nerd Kelly Valentin
Women in STEM
Those Nerdy Girls
For Black History Month we are excited to celebrate the fabulous Black Nerds that are part of Those Nerdy Girls. Today we are highlighting Kelly Valentin Kelly has a passion for psychiatric epidemiology, and her research interests include psychopharmacology, behavioral health, social determinants of mental health outcomes, and psychopathology. Currently, she is pursuing a Master Read more…
Black History Month: Celebrating Nerdy Girl MacKenzie Isaac, MA
Women in STEM
Those Nerdy Girls
For Black History Month we are excited to celebrate the fabulous Black Nerds that are part of Those Nerdy Girls. Today we are highlighting MacKenzie (Kenzie) Isaac, MA, CHES® Kenzie is a social epidemiologist and health communications specialist who loves discussing all things health equity. Her specific research passions are the sociology of body image; Read more…
You see a WILD claim on social media, but how do you know it’s true?
Data Literacy Uncertainty and Misinformation
The Bradford-Hill Criteria give you a scientific checklist that can help you evaluate whether wild health claims are actually true. What is causality anyway? Causality means that one thing directly makes another thing happen. For example, flipping a light switch (A) causes the light to turn on (B), so A causes B. But ice cream Read more…
Are puberty blockers helpful or harmful to trans youth?
Families/Kids Mental Health Reproductive Health
Those Nerdy Girls
A: Current evidence suggests that puberty blockers, which hit the pause button on puberty and are reversible, significantly improve the mental health of trans youth while reducing the risk of needing future surgeries. (Note: This post was updated by Those Nerdy Girls from the original published on January 23, 2024.) A recent study showed that Read more…
Armed conflict of any kind has severe public health consequences for the entire global community.
Mental Health
Those Nerdy Girls
Armed conflict of any kind has severe public health consequences for the entire global community. In keeping with our tradition of offering practical advice to our readers and addressing mental health consequences of public health crises, we have put together a piece that we hope will help during these extraordinarily trying times. We are living Read more…
What are febrile seizures?
Families/Kids General Health
Rebecca Raskin-Wish
Febrile seizures most commonly happen in a child between six months and five years old. Though it looks scary, febrile seizures are common and generally not a cause for major concern. A febrile seizure can happen in a child between the ages six months to five years old when they have a fever. A true Read more…
What’s the deal with heavy metal poisoning?
General Health Videos
Those Nerdy Girls
Heavy metals, like lead, can build up in the body and cause poisoning or toxicity. For most people, this is unlikely to happen from everyday exposures. Your clinician can tell you if testing is a good idea. Heavy metal toxicity can be very dangerous, but it is the amount of heavy metals that you’re in Read more…
Q: Why are people sharing their pronouns?
Social and Racial Justice
Q: Why are people sharing their pronouns? A: Using correct names and gender pronouns can make a significant difference in someone’s life. Pronouns are the words we use to refer to ourselves or someone else when not using a name. Gender pronouns specifically refer to people and possessions (she/her/hers, they/them/theirs, ze/zir/zirs, etc.) The 2022 U.S. Read more…
For Black History Month we are excited to celebrate the fabulous Black Nerds that are part of Those Nerdy Girls. Today we are highlighting Camille Seaberry, MPS Camille is a professional data nerd. As a senior research associate at DataHaven, a nonprofit based in New Haven, CT, she does data analysis, data science, and data Read more…
Black History Month: Celebrating Nerd Kelly Valentin
Women in STEMThose Nerdy Girls
For Black History Month we are excited to celebrate the fabulous Black Nerds that are part of Those Nerdy Girls. Today we are highlighting Kelly Valentin Kelly has a passion for psychiatric epidemiology, and her research interests include psychopharmacology, behavioral health, social determinants of mental health outcomes, and psychopathology. Currently, she is pursuing a Master Read more…
Black History Month: Celebrating Nerdy Girl MacKenzie Isaac, MA
Women in STEM
Those Nerdy Girls
For Black History Month we are excited to celebrate the fabulous Black Nerds that are part of Those Nerdy Girls. Today we are highlighting MacKenzie (Kenzie) Isaac, MA, CHES® Kenzie is a social epidemiologist and health communications specialist who loves discussing all things health equity. Her specific research passions are the sociology of body image; Read more…
You see a WILD claim on social media, but how do you know it’s true?
Data Literacy Uncertainty and Misinformation
The Bradford-Hill Criteria give you a scientific checklist that can help you evaluate whether wild health claims are actually true. What is causality anyway? Causality means that one thing directly makes another thing happen. For example, flipping a light switch (A) causes the light to turn on (B), so A causes B. But ice cream Read more…
Are puberty blockers helpful or harmful to trans youth?
Families/Kids Mental Health Reproductive Health
Those Nerdy Girls
A: Current evidence suggests that puberty blockers, which hit the pause button on puberty and are reversible, significantly improve the mental health of trans youth while reducing the risk of needing future surgeries. (Note: This post was updated by Those Nerdy Girls from the original published on January 23, 2024.) A recent study showed that Read more…
Armed conflict of any kind has severe public health consequences for the entire global community.
Mental Health
Those Nerdy Girls
Armed conflict of any kind has severe public health consequences for the entire global community. In keeping with our tradition of offering practical advice to our readers and addressing mental health consequences of public health crises, we have put together a piece that we hope will help during these extraordinarily trying times. We are living Read more…
What are febrile seizures?
Families/Kids General Health
Rebecca Raskin-Wish
Febrile seizures most commonly happen in a child between six months and five years old. Though it looks scary, febrile seizures are common and generally not a cause for major concern. A febrile seizure can happen in a child between the ages six months to five years old when they have a fever. A true Read more…
What’s the deal with heavy metal poisoning?
General Health Videos
Those Nerdy Girls
Heavy metals, like lead, can build up in the body and cause poisoning or toxicity. For most people, this is unlikely to happen from everyday exposures. Your clinician can tell you if testing is a good idea. Heavy metal toxicity can be very dangerous, but it is the amount of heavy metals that you’re in Read more…
Q: Why are people sharing their pronouns?
Social and Racial Justice
Q: Why are people sharing their pronouns? A: Using correct names and gender pronouns can make a significant difference in someone’s life. Pronouns are the words we use to refer to ourselves or someone else when not using a name. Gender pronouns specifically refer to people and possessions (she/her/hers, they/them/theirs, ze/zir/zirs, etc.) The 2022 U.S. Read more…
For Black History Month we are excited to celebrate the fabulous Black Nerds that are part of Those Nerdy Girls. Today we are highlighting Kelly Valentin Kelly has a passion for psychiatric epidemiology, and her research interests include psychopharmacology, behavioral health, social determinants of mental health outcomes, and psychopathology. Currently, she is pursuing a Master Read more…
Black History Month: Celebrating Nerdy Girl MacKenzie Isaac, MA
Women in STEMThose Nerdy Girls
For Black History Month we are excited to celebrate the fabulous Black Nerds that are part of Those Nerdy Girls. Today we are highlighting MacKenzie (Kenzie) Isaac, MA, CHES® Kenzie is a social epidemiologist and health communications specialist who loves discussing all things health equity. Her specific research passions are the sociology of body image; Read more…
You see a WILD claim on social media, but how do you know it’s true?
Data Literacy Uncertainty and Misinformation
The Bradford-Hill Criteria give you a scientific checklist that can help you evaluate whether wild health claims are actually true. What is causality anyway? Causality means that one thing directly makes another thing happen. For example, flipping a light switch (A) causes the light to turn on (B), so A causes B. But ice cream Read more…
Are puberty blockers helpful or harmful to trans youth?
Families/Kids Mental Health Reproductive Health
Those Nerdy Girls
A: Current evidence suggests that puberty blockers, which hit the pause button on puberty and are reversible, significantly improve the mental health of trans youth while reducing the risk of needing future surgeries. (Note: This post was updated by Those Nerdy Girls from the original published on January 23, 2024.) A recent study showed that Read more…
Armed conflict of any kind has severe public health consequences for the entire global community.
Mental Health
Those Nerdy Girls
Armed conflict of any kind has severe public health consequences for the entire global community. In keeping with our tradition of offering practical advice to our readers and addressing mental health consequences of public health crises, we have put together a piece that we hope will help during these extraordinarily trying times. We are living Read more…
What are febrile seizures?
Families/Kids General Health
Rebecca Raskin-Wish
Febrile seizures most commonly happen in a child between six months and five years old. Though it looks scary, febrile seizures are common and generally not a cause for major concern. A febrile seizure can happen in a child between the ages six months to five years old when they have a fever. A true Read more…
What’s the deal with heavy metal poisoning?
General Health Videos
Those Nerdy Girls
Heavy metals, like lead, can build up in the body and cause poisoning or toxicity. For most people, this is unlikely to happen from everyday exposures. Your clinician can tell you if testing is a good idea. Heavy metal toxicity can be very dangerous, but it is the amount of heavy metals that you’re in Read more…
Q: Why are people sharing their pronouns?
Social and Racial Justice
Q: Why are people sharing their pronouns? A: Using correct names and gender pronouns can make a significant difference in someone’s life. Pronouns are the words we use to refer to ourselves or someone else when not using a name. Gender pronouns specifically refer to people and possessions (she/her/hers, they/them/theirs, ze/zir/zirs, etc.) The 2022 U.S. Read more…
For Black History Month we are excited to celebrate the fabulous Black Nerds that are part of Those Nerdy Girls. Today we are highlighting MacKenzie (Kenzie) Isaac, MA, CHES® Kenzie is a social epidemiologist and health communications specialist who loves discussing all things health equity. Her specific research passions are the sociology of body image; Read more…
You see a WILD claim on social media, but how do you know it’s true?
Data Literacy Uncertainty and MisinformationThe Bradford-Hill Criteria give you a scientific checklist that can help you evaluate whether wild health claims are actually true. What is causality anyway? Causality means that one thing directly makes another thing happen. For example, flipping a light switch (A) causes the light to turn on (B), so A causes B. But ice cream Read more…
Are puberty blockers helpful or harmful to trans youth?
Families/Kids Mental Health Reproductive HealthThose Nerdy Girls
A: Current evidence suggests that puberty blockers, which hit the pause button on puberty and are reversible, significantly improve the mental health of trans youth while reducing the risk of needing future surgeries. (Note: This post was updated by Those Nerdy Girls from the original published on January 23, 2024.) A recent study showed that Read more…
Armed conflict of any kind has severe public health consequences for the entire global community.
Mental Health
Those Nerdy Girls
Armed conflict of any kind has severe public health consequences for the entire global community. In keeping with our tradition of offering practical advice to our readers and addressing mental health consequences of public health crises, we have put together a piece that we hope will help during these extraordinarily trying times. We are living Read more…
What are febrile seizures?
Families/Kids General Health
Rebecca Raskin-Wish
Febrile seizures most commonly happen in a child between six months and five years old. Though it looks scary, febrile seizures are common and generally not a cause for major concern. A febrile seizure can happen in a child between the ages six months to five years old when they have a fever. A true Read more…
What’s the deal with heavy metal poisoning?
General Health Videos
Those Nerdy Girls
Heavy metals, like lead, can build up in the body and cause poisoning or toxicity. For most people, this is unlikely to happen from everyday exposures. Your clinician can tell you if testing is a good idea. Heavy metal toxicity can be very dangerous, but it is the amount of heavy metals that you’re in Read more…
Q: Why are people sharing their pronouns?
Social and Racial Justice
Q: Why are people sharing their pronouns? A: Using correct names and gender pronouns can make a significant difference in someone’s life. Pronouns are the words we use to refer to ourselves or someone else when not using a name. Gender pronouns specifically refer to people and possessions (she/her/hers, they/them/theirs, ze/zir/zirs, etc.) The 2022 U.S. Read more…
A: Current evidence suggests that puberty blockers, which hit the pause button on puberty and are reversible, significantly improve the mental health of trans youth while reducing the risk of needing future surgeries. (Note: This post was updated by Those Nerdy Girls from the original published on January 23, 2024.) A recent study showed that Read more…
Armed conflict of any kind has severe public health consequences for the entire global community.
Mental HealthThose Nerdy Girls
Armed conflict of any kind has severe public health consequences for the entire global community. In keeping with our tradition of offering practical advice to our readers and addressing mental health consequences of public health crises, we have put together a piece that we hope will help during these extraordinarily trying times. We are living Read more…
What are febrile seizures?
Families/Kids General Health
Rebecca Raskin-Wish
Febrile seizures most commonly happen in a child between six months and five years old. Though it looks scary, febrile seizures are common and generally not a cause for major concern. A febrile seizure can happen in a child between the ages six months to five years old when they have a fever. A true Read more…
What’s the deal with heavy metal poisoning?
General Health Videos
Those Nerdy Girls
Heavy metals, like lead, can build up in the body and cause poisoning or toxicity. For most people, this is unlikely to happen from everyday exposures. Your clinician can tell you if testing is a good idea. Heavy metal toxicity can be very dangerous, but it is the amount of heavy metals that you’re in Read more…
Q: Why are people sharing their pronouns?
Social and Racial Justice
Q: Why are people sharing their pronouns? A: Using correct names and gender pronouns can make a significant difference in someone’s life. Pronouns are the words we use to refer to ourselves or someone else when not using a name. Gender pronouns specifically refer to people and possessions (she/her/hers, they/them/theirs, ze/zir/zirs, etc.) The 2022 U.S. Read more…
Armed conflict of any kind has severe public health consequences for the entire global community. In keeping with our tradition of offering practical advice to our readers and addressing mental health consequences of public health crises, we have put together a piece that we hope will help during these extraordinarily trying times. We are living Read more…
What are febrile seizures?
Families/Kids General HealthRebecca Raskin-Wish
Febrile seizures most commonly happen in a child between six months and five years old. Though it looks scary, febrile seizures are common and generally not a cause for major concern. A febrile seizure can happen in a child between the ages six months to five years old when they have a fever. A true Read more…
What’s the deal with heavy metal poisoning?
General Health Videos
Those Nerdy Girls
Heavy metals, like lead, can build up in the body and cause poisoning or toxicity. For most people, this is unlikely to happen from everyday exposures. Your clinician can tell you if testing is a good idea. Heavy metal toxicity can be very dangerous, but it is the amount of heavy metals that you’re in Read more…
Q: Why are people sharing their pronouns?
Social and Racial Justice
Q: Why are people sharing their pronouns? A: Using correct names and gender pronouns can make a significant difference in someone’s life. Pronouns are the words we use to refer to ourselves or someone else when not using a name. Gender pronouns specifically refer to people and possessions (she/her/hers, they/them/theirs, ze/zir/zirs, etc.) The 2022 U.S. Read more…
Febrile seizures most commonly happen in a child between six months and five years old. Though it looks scary, febrile seizures are common and generally not a cause for major concern. A febrile seizure can happen in a child between the ages six months to five years old when they have a fever. A true Read more…
What’s the deal with heavy metal poisoning?
General Health VideosThose Nerdy Girls
Heavy metals, like lead, can build up in the body and cause poisoning or toxicity. For most people, this is unlikely to happen from everyday exposures. Your clinician can tell you if testing is a good idea. Heavy metal toxicity can be very dangerous, but it is the amount of heavy metals that you’re in Read more…
Q: Why are people sharing their pronouns?
Social and Racial Justice
Q: Why are people sharing their pronouns? A: Using correct names and gender pronouns can make a significant difference in someone’s life. Pronouns are the words we use to refer to ourselves or someone else when not using a name. Gender pronouns specifically refer to people and possessions (she/her/hers, they/them/theirs, ze/zir/zirs, etc.) The 2022 U.S. Read more…
Heavy metals, like lead, can build up in the body and cause poisoning or toxicity. For most people, this is unlikely to happen from everyday exposures. Your clinician can tell you if testing is a good idea. Heavy metal toxicity can be very dangerous, but it is the amount of heavy metals that you’re in Read more…
Q: Why are people sharing their pronouns?
Social and Racial JusticeQ: Why are people sharing their pronouns? A: Using correct names and gender pronouns can make a significant difference in someone’s life. Pronouns are the words we use to refer to ourselves or someone else when not using a name. Gender pronouns specifically refer to people and possessions (she/her/hers, they/them/theirs, ze/zir/zirs, etc.) The 2022 U.S. Read more…
